One of the democratic parties on the patriotic united front led by the CPC, the JSS comprises of senior and middle-level intellectuals engaged in science and technology. It was founded in Chongqing at the end of 1944 with the name of Democracy and Science Society and was renamed the Jiu San Society on May 4, 1946 in commemoration of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War that fell on September 3, 1945.

In September 1949 representatives of the JSS attended the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC. They took part in drawing up the CPPCC Common Program and electing the Central People's Government.

Since New China was founded, the JSS has played an important role in the state political life, economic construction, especially in implementing intellectual policies in the fields of science, technology, culture and education.